{"id":515,"date":"2026-10-23T16:01:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T14:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/synergia.website\/es_es\/?p=515"},"modified":"2026-10-23T18:08:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T16:08:48","slug":"odoo-oca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/synergia.website\/ca\/odoo-oca\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f2duls OCA per a Odoo: Guia per triar els m\u00e9s adequats"},"content":{"rendered":"<style id=\"synergia-single-post-style\">\n  body.single-post,\n  body.single-post #page-container,\n  body.single-post #et-main-area,\n  body.single-post #main-content {\n    background-color: #07090e !important;\n    color: #e2e8f0 !important;\n    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, \"Helvetica Neue\", Arial, sans-serif !important;\n  }\n  body.single-post #main-header {\n    background-color: rgba(7, 9, 14, 0.95) !important;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08) !important;\n    backdrop-filter: blur(12px) !important;\n  }\n  body.single-post #sidebar { display: none !important; }\n  body.single-post #main-content .container { max-width: 100% !important; }\n\n  .entry-content h2, .entry-content h3 {\n    color: #38bdf8 !important;\n    margin-top: 2.25rem;\n    margin-bottom: 1rem;\n    font-weight: 700;\n  }\n  .entry-content h2 {\n    font-size: 1.85rem;\n    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2);\n    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;\n    margin-top: 2.75rem;\n  }\n  .entry-content h3 { font-size: 1.4rem; color: #22d3ee !important; margin-top: 1.9rem; }\n  .entry-content p, .entry-content li {\n    font-size: 1.05rem;\n    line-height: 1.8;\n    color: #cbd5e1;\n  }\n  .entry-content strong { color: #f1f5f9 !important; }\n  .entry-content a { color: #38bdf8 !important; text-decoration: underline; }\n  .entry-content a:hover { color: #22d3ee !important; }\n\n  .entry-content ul, .entry-content ol { margin: 1.25rem 0 1.5rem; padding-left: 1.4rem; }\n  .entry-content li { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }\n  .entry-content li::marker { color: #38bdf8; }\n\n  \/* Tablas en modo oscuro *\/\n  .table-responsive {\n    overflow-x: auto;\n    margin: 2rem 0;\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.2);\n  }\n  .entry-content table, .entry-content .wp-table {\n    width: 100%;\n    border-collapse: collapse;\n    margin: 2rem 0;\n    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6);\n    border-radius: 10px;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    font-size: 0.95rem;\n  }\n  .table-responsive table { margin: 0; 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}\n\n  .tech-card {\n    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.75);\n    border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.25);\n    border-radius: 12px;\n    padding: 1.5rem 1.75rem;\n    margin: 1.75rem 0;\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px -4px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);\n  }\n  .tech-badge {\n    display: inline-block;\n    padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;\n    background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.15);\n    color: #38bdf8;\n    border: 1px solid rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.3);\n    border-radius: 999px;\n    font-size: 0.8rem;\n    font-family: monospace;\n    font-weight: 600;\n    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;\n  }\n  .cta-box {\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(8, 145, 178, 0.15) 0%, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.9) 100%);\n    border: 1px solid #06b6d4;\n    border-radius: 14px;\n    padding: 2.25rem 2rem;\n    text-align: center;\n    margin: 3rem 0;\n  }\n  .cta-btn {\n    display: inline-block;\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #06b6d4 0%, #0284c7 100%);\n    color: #ffffff !important;\n    font-weight: 700;\n    padding: 0.85rem 2rem;\n    border-radius: 999px;\n    text-decoration: none;\n    margin-top: 1.25rem;\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 18px rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.4);\n    transition: all 0.3s ease;\n  }\n  .cta-btn:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.6); }\n\n  @media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .entry-content h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }\n    .entry-content h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }\n    .entry-content th, .entry-content td { padding: 0.7rem 0.6rem; font-size: 0.88rem; }\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e9s de 200 repositoris a GitHub i milers de m\u00f2duls: aquesta \u00e9s l'abast de la contribuci\u00f3 de la comunitat OCA a Odoo Community, i sense pagar cap taxa de llic\u00e8ncia per cap d'ells. La xifra pot ser enganyosa, per\u00f2, ja que no tots els m\u00f2duls s\u00f3n compatibles amb la vostra versi\u00f3 d'Odoo, ni tots es mantenen amb el mateix nivell de qualitat. Si ja esteu fent servir l'edici\u00f3 Community i voleu ampliar-ne la funcionalitat sense actualitzar a Enterprise, necessitareu una manera de distingir entre els m\u00f2duls fiables i aquells que han estat abandonats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OCA (<em>Associaci\u00f3 Comunit\u00e0ria d'Odoo<\/em>) \u00e9s una organitzaci\u00f3 sense \u00e0nim de lucre, independent d'Odoo S.A. En aquesta guia, analitzem com avaluar un m\u00f2dul, com instal\u00b7lar-lo amb Docker i quan \u00e9s millor no fer-ho servir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Punts clau<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li>OCA \u00e9s independent d'Odoo S.A.; no hi ha cap suport oficial d'Odoo.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Els m\u00f2duls s\u00f3n gratu\u00efts (AGPL-3), per\u00f2 mantenir-los t\u00e9 un cost.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Comproveu la branca, l'activitat, les proves CI i els mantenidors abans d'instal\u00b7lar.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Nom\u00e9s perqu\u00e8 existeixi en una branca antiga no garanteix que existeixi en la teva versi\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Amb Docker, monta els repositoris OCA i afegeix-los a `addons_path`.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Menys m\u00f2duls fan que cada actualitzaci\u00f3 de la versi\u00f3 sigui m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil.<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l'OCA i com est\u00e0 relacionada amb l'Odoo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OCA \u00e9s una associaci\u00f3 sense \u00e0nim de lucre que coordina el desenvolupament de m\u00f2duls de codi obert per a la comunitat d'Odoo. El codi est\u00e0 allotjat a GitHub, sota l'organitzaci\u00f3 <em>OCA<\/em>, i qualsevol desenvolupador o empresa pot proposar canvis. Odoo S.A. participa com a membre, per\u00f2 no en \u00e9s propiet\u00e0ria ni en proporciona suport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquesta distinci\u00f3 \u00e9s important en la pr\u00e0ctica. Si un m\u00f2dul OCA falla, no obres un tiquet amb Odoo: ho informes com a <em>q\u00fcesti\u00f3<\/em> al dip\u00f2sit \u2013 o ho resols tu o ho fa un prove\u00efdor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odoo Community, Enterprise i OCA: tres coses diferents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Odoo Comunitat<\/em> Aquesta \u00e9s la versi\u00f3 gratu\u00efta, llicenciada sota la LGPL-3. <em>Odoo Enterprise<\/em> \u00c9s l'edici\u00f3 de pagament, que inclou m\u00f2duls propis i suport oficial. OCA no \u00e9s cap de les dues: \u00e9s un conjunt de m\u00f2duls addicionals que s'instal\u00b7len sobre la Community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per aix\u00f2 la resposta a \u00ab\u00c9s OCA el mateix que Odoo Community?\u00bb \u00e9s no. Community \u00e9s el producte b\u00e0sic; OCA hi afegeix funcions que Community no inclou, com ara conciliacions avan\u00e7ades, informes, utilitats de servidor i localitzacions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Llic\u00e8ncia i cost real<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els m\u00f2duls OCA estan principalment llicenciats sota l'AGPL-3 (alguns sota la LGPL). Pots descarregar-los, modificar-los i utilitzar-los en el teu negoci sense pagar cap taxa de llic\u00e8ncia. L'AGPL exigeix que facis disponible el codi modificat als usuaris que accedeixen al sistema a trav\u00e9s d'una xarxa, cosa que afecta principalment aquells que revende desenvolupaments de programari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De franc, per\u00f2, no vol dir sense cost. Cal pagar la integraci\u00f3, les proves, la migraci\u00f3 entre versions i les reparacions quan alguna cosa falla. \u00c9s aquest cost el que determina si un m\u00f2dul val la pena, i ho explorarem m\u00e9s endavant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'OCA \u00e9s una associaci\u00f3 sense \u00e0nim de lucre l'objectiu de la qual \u00e9s promoure l'\u00fas d'Odoo i donar suport al desenvolupament col\u00b7laboratiu dels seus m\u00f2duls de codi obert.<\/p>\n\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Criteri per avaluar un m\u00f2dul OCA abans d'instal\u00b7lar-lo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class='wpo_youtube_preview_container'><img data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/cache\/wpo-youtube-thumbnails\/Nmojl3wm23Y-maxresdefault.jpg\" class=\"wpo_youtube_preview lazyload\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Nmojl3wm23Y?feature=oembed\" alt=\"Miniatura de YouTube\" data-iframe-attr=\"{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;What the Odoo Community Association(OCA) can do for you&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;1080&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;608&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/Nmojl3wm23Y?feature=oembed&quot;,&quot;allow&quot;:&quot;accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share&quot;,&quot;referrerpolicy&quot;:&quot;strict-origin-when-cross-origin&quot;,&quot;allowfullscreen&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/720;\" \/><span class=\"wpo_youtube_preview_overlay\"><img data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-optimize-premium\/images\/icon\/icons8-youtube-96.svg\" alt=\"Icona de YouTube\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 96px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 96\/96;\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un m\u00f2dul \u00e9s fiable si est\u00e0 publicat a la vostra branca d'Odoo, t\u00e9 activitat recent, supera les proves automatitzades i compta amb mantenidors identificats. Nom\u00e9s cal que comproveu quatre o cinc indicadors al seu repositori \u2014 cosa que triga uns deu minuts \u2014 per evitar la majoria de problemes m\u00e9s endavant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La taula resumeix qu\u00e8 cal buscar i com interpretar-ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"table-responsive\"><table class=\"wp-table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Criterio<\/th>\n<th>On es pot comprovar aix\u00f2?<\/th>\n<th>Un bon senyal<\/th>\n<th>Senyal d'advertiment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Branca de la teva versi\u00f3<\/td>\n<td>Selector de branques de GitHub (p. ex. 17.0)<\/td>\n<td>La carpeta del m\u00f2dul existeix<\/td>\n<td>Nom\u00e9s apareix en branques anteriors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Activitat<\/td>\n<td>Fitxa <em>Es compromet<\/em> y <em>Sol\u00b7licituds de contribuci\u00f3<\/em><\/td>\n<td>Canvis durant els darrers 6\u201312 mesos<\/td>\n<td>L'\u00faltim commit es va fer fa m\u00e9s de dos anys.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Proves de coeficient intel\u00b7lectual<\/td>\n<td>Marcatge verd al darrer commit<\/td>\n<td>Proves executades a GitHub Actions<\/td>\n<td>Causes no resoltes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mantenidors<\/td>\n<td>El camp `maintainers` al manifest<\/td>\n<td>Un o m\u00e9s noms<\/td>\n<td>Camp buit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Estat<\/td>\n<td>camp `development_status`<\/td>\n<td>Producci\u00f3\/Estable o Beta<\/td>\n<td>Alfa o no especificat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Branques<\/td>\n<td>El camp `depends` al manifest<\/td>\n<td>Molt pocs; tots a OCA o Odoo.<\/td>\n<td>Molts, de dip\u00f2sits no mantinguts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Compatibilitat per versi\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OCA mant\u00e9 una branca separada per a cada versi\u00f3 d'Odoo (16.0, 17.0, 18.0). Un m\u00f2dul pot existir en la versi\u00f3 14.0 per\u00f2 no haver estat migrat a la versi\u00f3 17.0. <strong>Mai no assumeixis que un m\u00f2dul d'una branca m\u00e9s antiga existeix a la teva.<\/strong> Comprova la carpeta a la branca correcta abans de fer cap pla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tamb\u00e9 val la pena comprovar si n'hi ha un <em>sol\u00b7licitud de contribuci\u00f3<\/em> Incid\u00e8ncia oberta de migraci\u00f3. Si n'hi ha una i no s'ha revisat des de fa mesos, el m\u00f2dul no estar\u00e0 disponible aviat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Activitat, mantenidors i estat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L'activitat no es mesura \u00fanicament per la data de l'\u00faltim commit. Un m\u00f2dul petit i estable pot romandre inalterat durant un any i, tot i aix\u00ed, funcionar correctament. El que importa \u00e9s que <em>q\u00fcestions<\/em> que rebin una resposta i que alg\u00fa comprovi els registres de migraci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El camp `maintainers` al fitxer `__manifest__.py` indica qui \u00e9s responsable de mantenir-lo. Si est\u00e0 buit, ning\u00fa no t\u00e9 aquesta responsabilitat formal. El camp `development_status` completa el panorama: <em>Alfa<\/em> significa experimental, <em>Beta<\/em> per utilitzar amb precauci\u00f3 i <em>Producci\u00f3\/Establia<\/em> fiable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proves CI i Runboat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada pull request a OCA passa per integraci\u00f3 cont\u00ednua: proves automatitzades, comprovacions d'estil amb <em>pr\u00e8-comprom\u00eds<\/em> i cobertura. Un commit marcat en verd indica que el m\u00f2dul s'instal\u00b7la correctament i que les seves proves b\u00e0siques superen en aquesta branca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A m\u00e9s, l'OCA utilitza <em>Vaixell de cursa<\/em>, un sistema que crea una inst\u00e0ncia d'Odoo amb el m\u00f2dul instal\u00b7lat a partir d'una pull request o d'una branca. Pots obrir aquesta inst\u00e0ncia directament des del repositori i provar el m\u00f2dul sense instal\u00b7lar res al teu servidor. Utilitza-ho sempre que sigui possible abans de fer canvis a l'entorn de producci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quins m\u00f2duls de l'OCA s\u00f3n \u00fatils per a una pime a Espanya?<figure><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1312\" height=\"1199\" class=\"wp-image-520 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" alt=\"Un escriptori amb un ordinador port\u00e0til que mostra Odoo i un full de c\u00e0lcul amb m\u00f2duls OCA d&#039;Odoo per a vendes, inventari, facturaci\u00f3 i compres, juntament amb eines d&#039;oficina.\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1312px, 100vw\" data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2.png.webp\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2.png.webp 1312w, https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2-1280x1170.png.webp 1280w, https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2-980x896.png.webp 980w, https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2-480x439.png.webp 480w\" data-smush-webp-fallback=\"{&quot;data-src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2.png&quot;,&quot;data-srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2.png 1312w, https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2-1280x1170.png 1280w, https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2-980x896.png 980w, https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763512167-okp1nt-1792763512177-i7r3j2-480x439.png 480w&quot;}\"><\/figure><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els repositoris m\u00e9s \u00fatils per a una PIME espanyola s\u00f3n els de localitzaci\u00f3 (`l10n-spain`), comptabilitat (`account-financial-tools`, `account-reconcile`), informes (`reporting-engine`) i utilitats de servidor (`server-tools`, `server-ux`). Adrecen les mancances que la Comunitat no cobreix de manera est\u00e0ndard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Localitzaci\u00f3 espanyola: l10n_es<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El repositori `l10n-spain` cont\u00e9 els m\u00f2duls `l10n_es_`.<em>que la Comunitat no inclou en la seva totalitat. Aquests inclouen formularis fiscals (303, 111, 347, 349), l'SII, la facturaci\u00f3 electr\u00f2nica (FACe i Facturae) i el suport per a transfer\u00e8ncies SEPA per a cobraments i pagaments. Per a una empresa de Barcelona que presenta declaracions fiscals a l'Ag\u00e8ncia Tribut\u00e0ria, aquest \u00e9s probablement el repositori m\u00e9s rellevant.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La fiabilitat aqu\u00ed dep\u00e8n de la normativa. Quan canvia un format fiscal, cal actualitzar el m\u00f2dul; per aix\u00f2 comprovem l'activitat del repositori abans de donar suport a un tancament trimestral. Si la vostra firma de comptabilitat requereix un formulari espec\u00edfic, comproveu que el m\u00f2dul el suporti en la vostra versi\u00f3, no en una altra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comptabilitat, informes i beneficis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En comptabilitat, `account-financial-reporting` proporciona balan\u00e7os i llibres majors m\u00e9s complets, mentre que `account-reconcile` millora la conciliaci\u00f3 banc\u00e0ria. A `reporting-engine` trobar\u00e0s generadors d'informes basats en fulls de c\u00e0lcul. A `server-tools` hi ha m\u00f2duls per a tasques administratives, com ara programar l'eliminaci\u00f3 d'adjunts o auditar canvis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quan \u00e9s aconsellable no utilitzar un m\u00f2dul OCA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No utilitzeu un m\u00f2dul si compleix alguna de les condicions seg\u00fcents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li>Nom\u00e9s est\u00e0 disponible en versions que ja no es donen suport.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>T\u00e9 una caracter\u00edstica que Odoo Enterprise o una versi\u00f3 m\u00e9s recent de Community ja inclouen de s\u00e8rie.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Dep\u00e8n de molts altres m\u00f2duls que ja no es mantenen.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>\u00c9s hora de la liquidaci\u00f3 de l'impost, i no hi ha hagut cap activitat durant l'\u00faltim any.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Oferix una petita comoditat que no justifica el cost de migrar-la cada any.<\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si el m\u00f2dul \u00e9s purament cosm\u00e8tic, de vegades \u00e9s m\u00e9s barat adaptar el proc\u00e9s que mantenir el codi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OCA versus la Odoo App Store: difer\u00e8ncies pr\u00e0ctiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La botiga d'aplicacions d'Odoo reuneix m\u00f2duls de tercers \u2013 tant gratu\u00efts com de pagament \u2013 publicats per empreses o autors individuals. L'OCA \u00e9s un projecte comunitari amb est\u00e0ndards de qualitat comuns. Tots dos poden ser bons, per\u00f2 el control de qualitat \u00e9s diferent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A l'OCA, el codi passa per una revisi\u00f3 per parells per altres desenvolupadors, proves i controls d'estil abans de ser fusionat. A l'App Store, la qualitat dep\u00e8n del desenvolupador: hi trobar\u00e0s alguns m\u00f2duls excel\u00b7lents i d'altres que no s'han actualitzat des de fa anys. A m\u00e9s, un m\u00f2dul de pagament et proporciona un prove\u00efdor amb qui contactar si tens alguna reclamaci\u00f3, mentre que a l'OCA el suport el proporciona la comunitat o s'ha d'acordar per separat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per ajudar-te a decidir, utilitza aquesta regla general. Si hi ha un equivalent OCA amb un historial recent, comen\u00e7a per aqu\u00ed. Si necessites un comprom\u00eds de suport amb un punt de contacte clarament identificat, considera un m\u00f2dul de pagament o un projecte de desenvolupament a mida amb contracte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Funcionen els m\u00f2duls OCA amb Odoo Enterprise?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e8cnicament, molts ho fan, perqu\u00e8 Enterprise est\u00e0 constru\u00eft sobre Community. Tanmateix, aix\u00f2 no est\u00e0 garantit: alguns m\u00f2duls de l'OCA substitueixen funcions que Enterprise ja cobreix i poden entrar en conflicte amb els seus m\u00f2duls propietaris. Si utilitzeu Enterprise, proveu cada m\u00f2dul en una c\u00f2pia de la base de dades abans d'instal\u00b7lar-lo i recordeu que el suport oficial d'Odoo no cobreix el codi de l'OCA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Guia pas a pas per instal\u00b7lar m\u00f2duls OCA amb Docker<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class='wpo_youtube_preview_container'><img data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/cache\/wpo-youtube-thumbnails\/V1yO6SpvZYo-maxresdefault.jpg\" class=\"wpo_youtube_preview lazyload\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/V1yO6SpvZYo?feature=oembed\" alt=\"Miniatura de YouTube\" data-iframe-attr=\"{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Odoo Community Association (OCA) \\u0643\\u0646\\u0632 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u062f\\u064a\\u0648\\u0644\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062c\\u0627\\u0646\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0641\\u0649 \\u0623\\u0648\\u062f\\u0648 \\u0645\\u0639 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062e\\u0628\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0645\\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0639\\u0628\\u062f\\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0646\\u0639\\u0645 \\u0645\\u0631\\u0633\\u0649&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;1080&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;608&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/V1yO6SpvZYo?feature=oembed&quot;,&quot;allow&quot;:&quot;accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share&quot;,&quot;referrerpolicy&quot;:&quot;strict-origin-when-cross-origin&quot;,&quot;allowfullscreen&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/720;\" \/><span class=\"wpo_youtube_preview_overlay\"><img data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-optimize-premium\/images\/icon\/icons8-youtube-96.svg\" alt=\"Icona de YouTube\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 96px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 96\/96;\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 implica clonar el repositori OCA des de la teva branca, muntar-lo com a volum al contenidor, afegir-ne el cam\u00ed a `addons_path` i actualitzar la llista d'aplicacions. Amb Docker, aquest proc\u00e9s \u00e9s reprodu\u00efble i es pot repetir exactament de la mateixa manera tant en entorns de prova com de producci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquests s\u00f3n els passos que seguim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li>Crea un directori al servidor per a complements externs, per exemple `\/opt\/odoo\/oca`.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Clona nom\u00e9s la branca que necessitis: `git clone --depth 1 -b 17.0 https:\/\/github.com\/OCA\/l10n-spain.git`. L'opci\u00f3 `--depth 1` evita que es descarregui tota la hist\u00f2ria.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Munta aquesta carpeta com a volum a `docker-compose.yml`, per exemple `\/opt\/odoo\/oca\/l10n-spain:\/mnt\/extra-addons\/l10n-spain`.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Afegeix la ruta a `addons_path` en `odoo.conf`, separada per comes de les rutes existents.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Instal\u00b7la les depend\u00e8ncies de Python especificades pel repositori. Moltes inclouen un fitxer `requirements.txt`; instal\u00b7la'l en una imatge personalitzada, no manualment dins del contenidor.<\/li>\n\n\n<li>Recomenceu el contenidor, activeu el mode de desenvolupador i toqueu 'Refresh app list'.<em>.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n<li>Instal\u00b7la primer el m\u00f2dul en una base de dades de prova i nom\u00e9s despr\u00e9s en producci\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Propi imatge i edificis annexos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un error com\u00fa \u00e9s instal\u00b7lar paquets Python amb `pip` mentre el contenidor est\u00e0 en execuci\u00f3. Aquests paquets es perden quan es recrea el contenidor. Defineix un `Dockerfile` que parteixi de la imatge oficial d'Odoo, copi\u00ef el fitxer `requirements.txt` i l'instal\u00b7li. Aix\u00f2 garanteix que cada desplegament inclogui tot el necessari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tamb\u00e9 etiquetau les versions: utilitzeu una etiqueta d'imatge espec\u00edfica i un commit<em> detalls espec\u00edfics per a cada repositori OCA. Si sempre descarrega la darrera versi\u00f3 de la branca, una actualitzaci\u00f3 d'un m\u00f2dul podria trencar el seu entorn de producci\u00f3 sense avisar.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Copies de seguretat abans de cada canvi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Crea un dump de PostgreSQL (`pg_dump`) i una c\u00f2pia de l'emmagatzematge de fitxers.<em> abans d'instal\u00b7lar o actualitzar qualsevol m\u00f2dul. Desinstal\u00b7lar un m\u00f2dul no sempre elimina les dades que ha creat, i de vegades l'\u00fanica manera de revertir els canvis \u00e9s restaurar el sistema. A Synergia, despleguem <a href=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/ca\/implementacio-derp-odoo-docker-servidors-barcelona\/\">Odoo en servidors dedicats amb Docker<\/a> i PostgreSQL, i aquesta c\u00f2pia de prellan\u00e7ament forma part de qualsevol canvi fet en l'entorn de producci\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">El cost real: manteniment i actualitzacions de versi\u00f3<figure><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1312\" height=\"1199\" class=\"wp-image-521 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" alt=\"Vista de treball de l&#039;OCA d&#039;Odoo que mostra el calendari de llan\u00e7aments, els m\u00f2duls, la llista de comprovaci\u00f3 de compatibilitat i els servidors en manteniment.\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1312px, 100vw\" data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy.png.webp\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy.png.webp 1312w, https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy-1280x1170.png.webp 1280w, https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy-980x896.png.webp 980w, https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy-480x439.png.webp 480w\" data-smush-webp-fallback=\"{&quot;data-src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy.png&quot;,&quot;data-srcset&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy.png 1312w, https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy-1280x1170.png 1280w, https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy-980x896.png 980w, https:\\\/\\\/synergia.website\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/openai-1792763545155-w68uxg-1792763545157-2g4jmy-480x439.png 480w&quot;}\"><\/figure><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El cost d'un m\u00f2dul OCA sorgeix quan actualitzes Odoo. Odoo llan\u00e7a una versi\u00f3 major cada any, i cada m\u00f2dul extern s'ha de migrar a la nova branca abans d'actualitzar. Si no s'ha migrat, tens tres opcions: esperar, migrar-lo tu mateix o prescindir-ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e8 passa amb un m\u00f2dul quan s'actualitza?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Migra un m\u00f2dul petit pot trigar unes quantes hores de desenvolupament. Un de gran, amb vistes, informes i l\u00f2gica fiscal, pot trigar diversos dies. Com a orientaci\u00f3 aproximada, amb tarifes est\u00e0ndard de consultoria de 50 a 90 \u20ac per hora, vuit hores costarien entre 400 i 720 \u20ac per m\u00f2dul. Aquestes xifres s\u00f3n indicatives: depenen de la complexitat i de l'estat del codi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si el m\u00f2dul t\u00e9 mantenidors actius, \u00e9s probable que la migraci\u00f3 estigui disponible de forma gratu\u00efta a la nova branca d'aqu\u00ed a uns mesos. Per tant, \u00e9s una bona idea revisar la branca seg\u00fcent i qualsevol pull request oberta abans de decidir quan actualitzar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Menys m\u00f2duls, actualitzacions m\u00e9s senzilles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada m\u00f2dul que afegeixes \u00e9s una depend\u00e8ncia que haur\u00e0s de gestionar. Quaranta m\u00f2duls externs signifiquen quaranta possibles colls d'ampolla el dia de la migraci\u00f3. Abans d'instal\u00b7lar-ne un, pregunta't si la funcionalitat justifica aquest comprom\u00eds anual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una pol\u00edtica senzilla ajuda: mantingueu una llista documentada dels m\u00f2duls externs, incloent-hi el seu repositori, la branca, la ra\u00f3 d'\u00fas i la persona responsable. Quan arribi la propera actualitzaci\u00f3, sabreu exactament qu\u00e8 comprovar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Errors comuns en l'\u00fas de m\u00f2duls de comunitat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class='wpo_youtube_preview_container'><img data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/cache\/wpo-youtube-thumbnails\/0CYpXMFSTAA-maxresdefault.jpg\" class=\"wpo_youtube_preview lazyload\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0CYpXMFSTAA?feature=oembed\" alt=\"Miniatura de YouTube\" data-iframe-attr=\"{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Top 5 Free OCA Apps Every Odoo Developer Should Know (2026) | Productivity &amp; Developer Tools #odoo&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;1080&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:&quot;608&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/0CYpXMFSTAA?feature=oembed&quot;,&quot;allow&quot;:&quot;accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share&quot;,&quot;referrerpolicy&quot;:&quot;strict-origin-when-cross-origin&quot;,&quot;allowfullscreen&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/720;\" \/><span class=\"wpo_youtube_preview_overlay\"><img data-src=\"https:\/\/synergia.website\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-optimize-premium\/images\/icon\/icons8-youtube-96.svg\" alt=\"Icona de YouTube\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 96px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 96\/96;\" \/><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els errors m\u00e9s comuns no s\u00f3n t\u00e8cnics, sin\u00f3 m\u00e9s aviat errors de judici. Aquests s\u00f3n els que causen m\u00e9s problemes a les pimes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n\n<li><strong>Creure que l'OCA t\u00e9 suport oficial d'Odoo.<\/strong> No en t\u00e9 cap; el suport el proporciona la comunitat o s'externalitza a un prove\u00efdor.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Instal\u00b7la sense mirar la branca.<\/strong> El m\u00f2dul de tutorial potser no est\u00e0 disponible a la vostra versi\u00f3.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Acaparar m\u00f2duls \u00abper si de cas\u00bb.<\/strong> Cada un fa que la migraci\u00f3 seg\u00fcent sigui m\u00e9s cara.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Prova directament en producci\u00f3.<\/strong> Utilitza una c\u00f2pia de la base de dades o de Runboat.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Ignora les depend\u00e8ncies.<\/strong> Un m\u00f2dul que dep\u00e8n d'altres sense mantenir-los hereta la seva neglig\u00e8ncia.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Oblida't de la gesti\u00f3 de versions.<\/strong> Un `git pull` no supervisat pot canviar el comportament d'un dia per l'altre.<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evitar-los no requereix gaire temps, nom\u00e9s disciplina: comprovar, provar en una c\u00f2pia, documentar i actualitzar segons un calendari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tria un m\u00f2dul OCA si existeix a la teva branca, t\u00e9 activitat recent, supera la CI i satisf\u00e0 una necessitat que justifica el seu manteniment. Descarta'l si nom\u00e9s existeix en versions antigues o serveix per a una comoditat menor. Abans d'instal\u00b7lar res, obre el seu repositori, comprova aquests quatre punts i prova'l en una c\u00f2pia. Si necessites ajuda per allotjar-lo i actualitzar-lo amb Docker, Synergia es pot encarregar del desplegament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preguntes freq\u00fcents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l'OCA a Odoo?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OCA \u00e9s l'acr\u00f2nim de l'Odoo Community Association, una organitzaci\u00f3 sense \u00e0nim de lucre que mant\u00e9 centenars de m\u00f2duls de codi obert per a Odoo Community a GitHub. No forma part d'Odoo S.A. i opera sobre la base del desenvolupament col\u00b7laboratiu i la revisi\u00f3 per parells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Els m\u00f2duls OCA s\u00f3n gratu\u00efts?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00ed, estan distribu\u00efts sota la llic\u00e8ncia AGPL-3 o LGPL i no hi ha cap cost de llic\u00e8ncia. Tanmateix, hi ha despeses associades a la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3, les proves, el manteniment i les actualitzacions entre versions, que normalment s\u00f3n la despesa m\u00e9s gran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hi ha algunes aplicacions OCA per a la comptabilitat i la facturaci\u00f3 espanyoles?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00ed. El repositori `l10n-spain` inclou els m\u00f2duls `l10n_es_` per als models fiscals, l'SII, Facturae i les transfer\u00e8ncies SEPA. Verifiqueu que el m\u00f2dul espec\u00edfic existeixi i estigui habilitat a la vostra versi\u00f3 d'Odoo abans d'utilitzar-lo per a les clausures de fi d'exercici fiscal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e8 passa amb els m\u00f2duls OCA en actualitzar Odoo?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada m\u00f2dul s'ha de migrar a la branca de la nova versi\u00f3. Si no es fa, haur\u00e0s d'esperar, migrar-lo o prescindir-ne. Comprova les branques i les sol\u00b7licituds de tirada de migraci\u00f3 abans d'establir la data d'actualitzaci\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l'OCA a Odoo, com avaluar els seus m\u00f2duls comunitaris (branca, activitat, CI, mantenidors) i instal\u00b7lar-los amb Docker sense trencar la teva inst\u00e0ncia.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-515","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u00e9 es OCA en Odoo, c\u00f3mo evaluar sus m\u00f3dulos comunitarios (rama, actividad, CI, mantenedores) e instalarlos con Docker sin romper tu instancia. 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